Master of Arts

MA or Master of Arts is a postgraduate program in arts. MA can be pursued by students after completion of their bachelor’s degree. The degree is offered in various specializations at various colleges and universities in India and abroad. It is a two years duration course and can be pursued by candidates who possess a graduation degree. The degree can be pursued as a full-time course, part-time course, correspondence, or distance mode.

Eligibility Criteria for MA Course

MA is a specialized course in which aspirants are offered in-depth knowledge of the discipline they have selected. The eligibility parameters for a MA program Includes:

• Eligibility: Students who have passed a Bachelor’s Degree in any discipline, preferably from the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, are eligible for enrollment. This means that students from various academic backgrounds are considered.

• Academic Qualification: Additionally, students with academic qualifications beyond a Bachelor’s Degree who are interested in pursuing a new career in a new field are also considered for admission. This suggests that individuals with higher degrees or different academic backgrounds can be considered for the program if they are seeking a career change.

• Admission Process: New students are accepted into the MA program based on merit. This means that the selection is based on the students’ achievements, abilities, and qualifications rather than other factors.

• Overall, the text provides information about the eligibility criteria and admission process for an MA program, targeting students who have completed a Bachelor’s Degree and those with higher academic qualifications looking to switch careers.

Required Skillset for MA Course

Candidates interested in pursuing a Master of Arts degree must be dedicated and focused on the subject of their choice. A master’s degree takes more willpower and fortitude than a bachelor’s degree because the individual need to conduct extensive research on the subject. Some of the key skills that aspirants should have in order to pursue a MA course are mentioned below:

Master of Business Studies

The Master of Business Studies (MBS) program requires the students to study for a total of 1000 marks. Fourteen analytical and core courses (700 marks), 2 specialization courses (200 marks), and a thesis or two seminar papers (100 marks) will have to be completed.

Objectives of the MBS Program

The objective of the MBS program is to enable the students to work as competent managers and to meet the demand for higher-level managers in organizations, particularly in the functional areas of management Upon graduation, a student should be able to function as a manager in business, industry, government and non-governmental sector, within and outside the country, in areas like accounting, marketing, finance, and general management. The MBS program specifically aims to:

1. Equip the students with the required conceptual knowledge of business and management

2. Prepare managers in the functional areas of management.

3. Develop knowledge and skill of business environment from a national and global perspective.

4. Encourage entrepreneurial capabilities in students to make them effective change agents in the Nepalese society.

5. Develop research capability in the students

Curricular structure

First Year – First Semester

1. MKT 511: Marketing Management  Credit Hours: 3  

2. ECO 512: Managerial Economics  Credit Hours: 3

3. MSC 514: Statistical Methods  Credit Hours: 3

4. MGT 515: Organizational Behavior  Credit Hours: 3

5. MGT 519: Managerial Communication  Credit Hours: 3

First Year – Second Semester

1. ACC 517: Management Accountancy Credit Hours: 3  

2. FIN 510: Financial Management Credit Hours: 3  

3. MGT 513: Human Resource Management Credit Hours: 3  

4. MGT 518: Business Environment Credit Hours: 3  

5. MSC 517: Production and Operations Management Credit Hours: 3  

Second Year – Third Semester 

1. ACC 519: Accounting for Financial and Managerial Decisions and Control Credit hours: 3

2. MGT 524: Entrepreneurship Credit hours: 3

3. MSC 521: Research Methodology Credit hours: 3

4. MGT 522: International Business Credit hours: 3

Specialization Course (Any One from Group A)

Finance

FIN 687: Financial Derivatives and Market Credit hours: 3FIN 688: Corporate Finance Credit hours: 3

Accountancy

ACC 685: Corporate Taxation Credit hours: 3ACC 686: Cost Management Credit hours: 3

Management

MGT 687: Recent Trends in Management Credit hours: 3MGT 688: Organizational Theory Credit Hours: 3

Marketing

MKT 691: Advertising and Promotion Management Credit hours: 3MKT 692: Rural Marketing Credit Hours: 3

Second Year – Fourth Semester 

MGT 523: Strategic Management

Specialization Courses (Any Two from Group B)

Finance

FIN 685: Financial Markets and Institutions Credit hours: 3FIN 686: International Financial Management Credit Hours: 3FIN 689: Investment Management Credit hours: 3FIN 690: Insurance: Theory and Practice Credit hours: 3FIN 691: Commercial Bank Management: Theory and Practice Credit Hours: 3

Marketing

MKT 685: Consumer Behavior Credit hours: 3MKT 686: International Marketing Credit hours: 3MKT 687: Brand Management Credit hours: 3MKT 688: Sales Management Credit hours: 3MKT 689: Retail Management Credit hours: 3MKT 690: Services Marketing Credit Hours: 3

Accountancy

ACC 687: Contemporary Auditing Credit hours: 3ACC 688: Accounting Theory and Financial Reporting Credit hours: 3ACC 689: Management Control Systems Credit hours: 3ACC 690: Balance Scorecard: A Tool for Performance Measurement Credit hours: 3

Management

MGT 685: Organizational Development and Change Credit hours: 3MGT 686: Quality Management Credit hours: 3MGT 689: Performance Management Credit hours: 3MGT 690: Leadership and Communication Credit Hours: 3

MGT 525: DIssertation

Bachelor of Business Studies

The objective of the BBS program of Tribhuvan University at the FOM is to develop students into competent managers for any sector of organized activity. The program is based on the principle that graduates will spend a major portion of their life in a constantly changing environment. Therefore, the student should have an opportunity to obtain a broad knowledge of the concepts and reality-based skills underlying the operation and management of organizations.

The BBS program especially attempts to:

1. Equip the students with the required conceptual knowledge of business and administration to develop a  general management perspective in them.

2. Develop required attitudes, abilities, and practical skills in students, which constitute a foundation for the growth into competent and responsible business managers.

3. Encourage entrepreneurial capabilities in students to make them effective change agents in the Nepalese society. 

4. Develop a necessary foundation for higher studies in management and thereafter take up careers in teaching, research, and consultancy.  

SALIENT FEATURES

• Minimum General Requirements

The minimum general requirements for the 4-years BBS program are as follows:

1. An academic year will consist of a minimum of 150 teaching days excluding the days taken for admission and annual examinations.

2. The total instructional hours in an academic year will be 615 (150 days x 4:10 hours a day). For courses requiring field and practical work, additional hours of study will be required.

3. There will be a minimum of five periods (i.e. class hours) each teaching day. The campuses running morning or evening shifts will also be required to meet this minimum class requirement.

Attendance, Evaluation, and Grading System

The final evaluation of students is done through the annual examination conducted by the Office of the Controller of Examinations, Tribhuvan University. However, for qualifying to appear in the annual examinations, students must meet the following requirements:

(a) The student must have a minimum of 70 percent attendance of the classes actually held.

(b) No student will be allowed to appear in the second year final examinations without first appearing in the first year final examinations.

The grading system in the annual examinations is as follows:

1. Third Division 35 Percent

2. Second Division 45 Percent

3. First Division 60 Percent

4. Distinction 75 Percent

Curricular Structure of Bachelor of Business Studies-BBS (4-year program)

First Year

1. English

2. Business Studies

3. Micro Economics

4. Cost and Management Accountancy

5. Principles of Management

Second-year

1. Business Communication

2. Macro Economics

3. Cost and Management Accounting

4. Fundamentals of Marketing

5. Fundamentals of Human Resource Management

Third Year

1. Business Environment Strategy

2. Fundamentals of Financial Management

3. Business Law

4. Taxation and Auditing

5. Organizational Behavior

Fourth Year

1. Entrepreneurship and Enterprise Development

2. Business Research Methods-50/Final Project-50

3. Concentration I

4. Concentration II

Bachelor of Arts

Tribhuvan University has launched a four-year bachelor’s course in BA from the academic year 2076/077 under the  Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences. 

It is the interdisciplinary subjects where students can study Compulsory English, Anthropology, Geography, History Sociology, Psychology, Economics, Nepal Bhasa, Culture, Rural Development, Social Work, Film Studies, Hindi, Nepali Linguistics, and Population Studies within the same stream. 

The four-year course is of 2,000 marks (500 marks each year) and students can choose two subjects of 700 marks each as their majors and two subjects of 100 marks each as elective subjects.

There will be three compulsory subjects — English, Nepali, and Nepal Studies. English will be 200 marks, Nepali 100 marks, and Nepal Studies 100 marks. English has been made compulsory in the first and third years, while Nepali will be compulsory in the second year.

The students will be evaluated on the basis of written examinations of 70 marks, while 30 marks will be for internal assessment, including mini-project, classroom presentations, and teamwork for each subject.

Eligibility

1. Students should have secured at least D+ in all subjects in Grade 11 and Grade 12. 

OR

1. Must have completed the intermediate, Proficiency Certificate or 10+2 level, in Humanities or Science or Management Stream from Tribhuvan University or from any other University or Board recognized by Tribhuvan University.

2. Students desirous of studying Major English/Economics in the BA Program may do so, but are required to pass the Major English Subject within three years at +2 or PCL recognized by TU if they have not already studied this course at +2 or PCL Level

3. Students who have studied any other subject at +2 or PCL level can apply for admission to Major subjects like Rural Development, Social Work, and Sociology in the BA Program.

4. Students desirous of studying Journalism and Mass Communication as a major subject in the BA program must have studied Journalism/Mass Communication at +2 or PCL can apply for Journalism subject.

Bachelor of Education

Since 1996 Tribhuvan University (TU) has been implementing three-year Bachelor’s programs with an annual examination system in Faculties of Education, Management and Humanities and Social Sciences and the Institute of Science and Technology. Recently, the duration of Bachelor’s programs in those faculties and institutes has been made four years by adding one more year. In conformity with this, the Faculty of Education (FoE) is going to introduce a four-year Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) with two specialization subject areas (specialization major and specialization minor subject) in 2072 BS instead of offering a single specialization area like in a three-year B.Ed.

Accordingly, students of the four-year BEd. program will have to study one subject area as a specialization major and the next as a specialization minor area selecting from among Nepali Education, English Education, Mathematics Education, Science Education (physical science), Health and Physical Education, Population Education, History Education, Geography Education, Economics Education, and Political Science Education. Students may also study one of the courses Science Education (Biological Science), Health Education, Physical Education, vocational education, Primary Education, Early Childhood Development Education, Non-formal Education, and Education Management as specialization minors.

Four-year B.Ed. with annual examination system is a professional as well as an academic program designed for preparing competent teachers who can teach two subjects at the secondary level.

In Nepal, nearly 500 private/community campuses are offering 4 years B.Ed program with affiliation from Tribhuvan University.

ELIGIBILITY

Students who have completed 10+2 or equivalent examinations securing minimum ‘D+’ grades in all subjects of Grade 11 and 12 are eligible to enroll in the B.Ed program of Tribhuvan University.

Or,

Students with a Higher Secondary Education Examination Pass Certificate (HSEEPC, hereafter only HSE) or Proficiency Certificate Level of Tribhuvan University (PCL) or equivalent to HSE/grade 12 pass are eligible for admission to the B.Ed program. In addition, they need other requirements for the admission in different major subject specialization areas which are as follows:

1. Nepali Education

   • HSE / Grade 12 pass or PCL with Nepali major with at least 200 marks

2. English Education

   • HSE / Grade 12 pass or PCL with English or Linguistics major

   • HSE / Grade 12 pass or PCL with 50% marks in General English Or

   • Candidates with HSE / Grade 12 pass or PCL must secure 50% marks in the Entrance Examination conducted by the respective department of the campuses

3. Mathematics Education

   • HSE / Grade 12 pass or PCL with Mathematics Major containing at least 200 marks

4. Science Education

   • HSE / Grade 12 pass or PCL with Physics, Chemistry, and Biology subjects with at least 100 full marks in each subject

5. Health and Physical Education

   • HSE / Grade 12 pass or PCL with Health & Physical Education or

   • HSE / Grade 12 pass or PCL with Science or Population or Home Science or Nursing and any other subjects.

   • HSE / Grade 12 pass or PCL without health and physical education background must pass the physical fitness-related entrance test conducted by the respective department of the campuses.

   • The candidate without physical disability will be eligible to study health and physical education.

6. Population Education

   • HSE / Grade 12 pass or PCL with Population Studies or Geography or Economics or Health and Physical Education or Community Health or Science or Mathematics or Home Science or Civics or Social Service or Nursing or Commerce.

7. Geography Education, Economics Education, Political Science Education, and History Education

   • HSE/ Grade 12 passed or PCL or its equivalent from any faculty

8. Social Studies Education

Except for science education minor (Biology), minor subjects areas are open for all students irrespective of their previous study areas in Grade 11 and 12 or PCL. Only those students who are majoring in physical science can select a biology minor. Students are required to select minor subject areas that should be different from their major subject areas.